The ring $R$ must be a ring of probability distributions on $n$ random variables created using markovRing. The integer $i$ must be in the range from 1 to $n$.
Let $p_{u_1,u_2,\dots, +,\dots,u_n}$ denote the linear form $p_{u_1,u_2,\dots, 1,\dots,u_n} + \dots + p_{u_1,u_2,\dots, d_i,\dots,u_n}$, where $d_i$ is the number of states of random variable $X_i$.
The method marginMap returns a ring map $F : R \to R$ such that after applying $F$, the indeterminate $p_{u_1,u_2,\dots,1,\dots,u_n}$ refers to $ p_{u_1,u_2,\dots, +,\dots,u_n}$, where the '1' and the '$+$' are in the $i$th spot.
Further $F$ is the identity on all other indeterminates, that is, $ F(p_{u_1,u_2,\dots, j,\dots,u_n}) = p_{u_1,u_2,\dots, j,\dots,u_n} $, for all $j\geq 2$.
i1 : F = marginMap(1,markovRing(3,2)); o1 : RingMap QQ[p ..p ] <--- QQ[p ..p ] 1,1 3,2 1,1 3,2 |
i2 : compactMatrixForm =false; |
i3 : transpose F.matrix o3 = {-1} | p - p - p | | 1,1 2,1 3,1 | | | {-1} | p - p - p | | 1,2 2,2 3,2 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,1 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,2 | | | {-1} | p | | 3,1 | | | {-1} | p | | 3,2 | 6 1 o3 : Matrix (QQ[p ..p ]) <--- (QQ[p ..p ]) 1,1 3,2 1,1 3,2 |
This linear transformation simplifies ideals and/or polynomials involving $ p_{u_1,u_2,..., +,...,u_n} $. Sometimes, the resulting ideals are toric ideals as the example below shows. For more details see the paper "Algebraic Geometry of Bayesian Networks" by Garcia, Stillman, and Sturmfels.
i4 : G = digraph {{1,{}},{2,{1}},{3,{1}},{4,{2,3}}} o4 = Digraph{1 => {} } 2 => {1} 3 => {1} 4 => {2, 3} o4 : Digraph |
i5 : R = markovRing (2,2,2,2) o5 = R o5 : PolynomialRing |
i6 : S = globalMarkov G o6 = {{{1}, {4}, {2, 3}}, {{2}, {3}, {4}}} o6 : List |
i7 : I = conditionalIndependenceIdeal (R,S); o7 : Ideal of R |
i8 : I / print; - p p + p p 1,1,1,2 2,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 2,1,1,2 - p p + p p 1,1,2,2 2,1,2,1 1,1,2,1 2,1,2,2 - p p + p p 1,2,1,2 2,2,1,1 1,2,1,1 2,2,1,2 - p p + p p 1,2,2,2 2,2,2,1 1,2,2,1 2,2,2,2 - p p + p p + p p - p p - p p - p p + p p + p p 1,1,2,1 1,2,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,2,2,1 1,2,2,1 2,1,1,1 1,2,1,1 2,1,2,1 1,1,2,1 2,2,1,1 2,1,2,1 2,2,1,1 1,1,1,1 2,2,2,1 2,1,1,1 2,2,2,1 - p p + p p + p p - p p - p p - p p + p p + p p 1,1,2,2 1,2,1,2 1,1,1,2 1,2,2,2 1,2,2,2 2,1,1,2 1,2,1,2 2,1,2,2 1,1,2,2 2,2,1,2 2,1,2,2 2,2,1,2 1,1,1,2 2,2,2,2 2,1,1,2 2,2,2,2 |
i9 : F = marginMap(1,R); o9 : RingMap R <--- R |
i10 : transpose F.matrix o10 = {-1} | p - p | | 1,1,1,1 2,1,1,1 | | | {-1} | p - p | | 1,1,1,2 2,1,1,2 | | | {-1} | p - p | | 1,1,2,1 2,1,2,1 | | | {-1} | p - p | | 1,1,2,2 2,1,2,2 | | | {-1} | p - p | | 1,2,1,1 2,2,1,1 | | | {-1} | p - p | | 1,2,1,2 2,2,1,2 | | | {-1} | p - p | | 1,2,2,1 2,2,2,1 | | | {-1} | p - p | | 1,2,2,2 2,2,2,2 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,1,1,1 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,1,1,2 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,1,2,1 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,1,2,2 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,2,1,1 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,2,1,2 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,2,2,1 | | | {-1} | p | | 2,2,2,2 | 16 1 o10 : Matrix R <--- R |
i11 : J = F I; o11 : Ideal of R |
i12 : J / print; - p p + p p 1,1,1,2 2,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 2,1,1,2 - p p + p p 1,1,2,2 2,1,2,1 1,1,2,1 2,1,2,2 - p p + p p 1,2,1,2 2,2,1,1 1,2,1,1 2,2,1,2 - p p + p p 1,2,2,2 2,2,2,1 1,2,2,1 2,2,2,2 - p p + p p 1,1,2,1 1,2,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,2,2,1 - p p + p p 1,1,2,2 1,2,1,2 1,1,1,2 1,2,2,2 |
The object marginMap is a method function.